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the five year term of Francois Hollande, looked from the angle of its housing policy, shows the same procrastination other aspects of its policy, a succession of steps forward and then back. Whether right or left, housing policies may be similar but the two markers are left: the priority given to social housing and the regulation of prices, including rents, while the right usually favors accession the property.
1. The leap
The first five-year period that was marked by the Ministry of 16 May 2012 to 30 March 2014, Cécile Duflot (EELV). Under his leadership, two important laws were adopted:
The land mobilization of law January 18, 2013 allows the state to sell land below market value provided that we build housing, especially social. It begins to bear fruit, especially in the use of land owned by the State or public operators such as SNCF and RATP. Seven parcels have been sold in 2014 and 71 in 2015, and the goal for 2016 is a hundred sales. The construction of social housing of Romainville, what came to visit, Friday, April 8, Francois Hollande is an example. This abandoned land, on the slopes of the A3 that was covered on this section belonged to the Minister of Infrastructure. There will be built 177 apartments, including 39 social.
The law also reinforced the obligations of urban municipalities, increasing the rate of housing 25% of the number of primary residences, 2025 , against 20% in 2020, before. She, incidentally, tightened sanctions on recalcitrant municipalities that do not meet their production goals HLM, multiplying by five penalties, and increased the power of the prefects. In this area, the strength of the government has been waiting for you since thirty-six municipalities were severely punished, giving prefects concerned preempt the power and issuing building permits in lieu of Mayors. In Ile-de-France, more than 30 000 social housing units were created in 2015, a score corresponding to the objectives but which had not been reached long ago.
The law for access to housing and a renovated town planning (ALUR) , adopted it on 24 March 2014, seven days before the surprise departure of Cécile Duflot, was meant far more ambitious. It contained numerous provisions strengthening the rights of purchasers, tenants and owners. On this point, Cécile Duflot left an unfinished text, requiring a hundred decrees which, two years later, 80% were published but in the utmost discretion. The law seems to go ALUR in manners and be now better accepted by professionals than would have feared their first comments on, for example, the agency fees for leasing, which were capped and this law has lowered by 20% in Paris.
the text of Cécile Duflot had also aims to ensure that the local town planning policy is no longer in the hands of mayors, but decided to the level of cities, with the adoption of inter-local development plans, a long-term action that is far beyond a five-year term.
2. The relaunch
The somewhat crude method of Cécile Duflot tense notaries, property managers, realtors, property managers and developers, arrayed against it: “ To be told that we are no one is a hard thing to hear “confided Jean François Buet, president of the national Federation of real estate. All these professionals were quick to accuse the minister to dive construction, as housing production is, in fact, increased from 422,000 housing starts in 2011 to 351,000 in 2015.
in late August 2014, Manuel Valls has taken over housing policy and opted for the old recipes. The Prime Minister announced a construction stimulus plan. New support for rental investment, called Pinel device has supplanted that of Cécile Duflot and more incentive, it boosted sales promoters. The government has also muscled the free loan for first-time buyers: in force since 1 st January 2016, he met success, with nearly 19,000 loans distributed in only three months. This recovery plan begins eighteen months later to take its toll: the latest indicators are better with a 20% jump in building permits but with heavy job losses in the BTP’100 000 jobs destroyed between 2012 and 2015).
3. Renunciation
On 24 August 2014, Manuel Valls has officially recorded especially the renunciation of two key measures of the candidate’s program for the presidency Francois Hollande: the creation of a universal guarantee of rent that would have allowed many youth and candidates for hire who can not submit a deposit, rent more easily in the private park, and capping rents, envisaged by the ALUR law in 28 cities and is now limited to central Paris and again, under pressure from the mayor of Paris …
the new Minister of housing, Emmanuelle Cosse, arriving February 11, 2016, she will manage to extend it to the Paris area and three or four others cities?
4. Ditch effort?
On the assets of five year term of Francois Hollande, an unprecedented effort was produced for emergency housing, admittedly under pressure from the need to accommodate the migrants and people to the street, which does not allow to grow as fast as the supply demand, including rent.
the last act should also play with Bill Equality and whose citizenship text should be adopted by the cabinet on 13 April. His goal: to welcome and distribute the poor and reconcile social diversity and equal treatment in access to social housing. A challenge.
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