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the UK has finally chosen to end at forty-three-year membership of the European Union (EU), saying yes to “Brexit” (contraction “Britain” and “Exit”) in a referendum whose results were announced Friday, June 24 in the morning. The camp “Leave”, supports the output of the UK to the EU, won with 51.9%, against 48.1% for the “Remain” pro-European camp. That will involve the victory
Read also: #BrexitOrNot: understand the issues of a historic poll
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David Cameron he will leave his post?
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When the UK release he officially EU?
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a country leaving the EU, is this a first?
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Brexit does it change the balance of power within the EU?
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he will a visa to travel or work in the UK?
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What are the consequences for students?
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will you still buy “toffees” Marks & amp; Spencer?
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Is that English will remain the EU’s working language?
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Scotland will she try to stay in the European Union?
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What happens funded programs EU UK. They cease subsidies?
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What free trade agreement the United Kingdom can he negotiate?
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the situation does change for migrants in Calais?
1. Prime Minister David Cameron will he resign?
Yes, the Conservative prime minister, who had initiated the referendum while he himself was opposed to Brexit, announced that he will leave his post within three months. “I think the country needs a new leader” , announced David Cameron on Friday morning. A surprising decision, since he had told the Times the week he would continue regardless of the outcome of the vote.
M . Cameron will continue to make the transition until the appointment of a new leader at a convention of the Conservative Party in October, which will automatically become prime minister. The spokesman of the pro-Brexit and former mayor of London, Boris Johnson, is the most serious contender to take the place of prime minister.
2. When the UK he will be released officially in the European Union?
The result of a referendum vote is not legally binding. Nevertheless, David Cameron said Friday that “the will of the British people must be respected” . The Prime Minister will leave to his successor the thorny issue of the release of the European Union.
“The negotiations with the European Union must do with a new Prime Minister. “
For the UK leaving the EU, he must formally announce his intentions at a European Council, as described in Article 50 of the Treaty Lisbon. This is great, a Council held on 28 and 29 June and will Brexit obviously the focus of discussion. A two-year period is intended to prepare the output, but can be shortened if an agreement is reached (which seems unlikely). It can also be extended, but this requires obtain unanimity of European states, without which the UK would be without trade agreements or preferential agreements on free movement.
Will begin so long negotiations on the modalities of British disengagement, particularly concerning a possible access to the single market. The British Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that negotiations could lead to more than a decade of uncertainty, recalling that for trade treaties large scale such as agreements between the EU and Canada, the negotiations took years . These agreements are also not yet ratified
Read also:. The terms of the output of the United Kingdom of the European Union
3. A country leaving the EU, is this a first?
This is actually the first time that a member state of the European Union decides to use section 50. however, Greenland, which obtained a status of autonomy in 1975 (it was previously attached to Denmark as County of overseas), voted to leave the European economic Community (EEC, the forerunner of the EU) in 1982. the withdrawal was ratified in 1985, Greenland has managed since then to maintain customs exemptions, including about fish farming. It is now a territory overseas partner to the EU.
4. The Brexit-change he the balance of power within the EU
According to? a study by the Global counsel consulting firm, the balance of power will change in the European Council, in particular as regards the economic policy debates. According to the voting rules introduced in November 2014, the European Council a blocking minority must be taken by at least four Member States and represent at least 35% of the total population of the EU.
With the output from the UK, proponents of a more liberal line lose a populous country. And “liberal bloc” that consisted notably the United Kingdom, the Netherlands or the Czech Republic, from 25% to 15% of the total population of the European Union. Regularly, Germany joined this block to exceed the 35% threshold needed for a veto. It will now support from traditionally more conservative countries to pursue this strategy.
In addition, the real engine of the EU, particularly economically, is a game of influence between three Germany, France and the UK. In the absence of the latter, with which he could be an ally of circumstances, Berlin will match up against Paris no real counterweight. The convergence of positions between France and Germany will become even more necessary – and the influence of Paris will be strengthened
5. he will a visa to travel or work in the United Kingdom
While the UK is in the EU? the rules on the free movement of persons remain unchanged: not a country in the Schengen area, it will always be an identity document proving membership of a country of the European Union to travel in the UK and work.
things corseront from the time the Brexit be effective. As negotiated between the UK and the countries of the EU, it may need a visa to travel in the country. If the United Kingdom is to negotiate an agreement allowing it to remain in the single market, it is very likely that the free movement of persons is acquired. But the British government could also impose restrictions on work permits. Reciprocity applicable, the British would need a visa to work in EU countries and vice versa.
6. What are the consequences for students?
British students, who are more and more from studying abroad, will be most affected because it will become more difficult for them to perform their mobility without Erasmus. However, an agreement could be reached, as is now the case for Switzerland and Norway – but it takes time. Research funding coupled with the Erasmus program is to find affected also. Finally, European students in the UK could pay university fees much higher at present because they will be considered all other international students
Read also:. How the “Brexit “he is going to affect the students?
7. Will you still buy toffees Marks & amp; Spencer?
Obviously. However, they will ultimately cost more, as may be negotiated: customs taxes could increase the price of these treats. The former CEO of Marks & amp; Spencer, Stuart Rose, pro-European convinced, warned that Brexit cause a price increase, the UK and elsewhere.
7. he will remain English EU working language
In all likelihood? , Yes. If the 24 languages of the EU countries are accepted within the European institutions, French and English are the two most frequently-used. However, English is a common language across Europe: it is spoken by 38% of Europeans that this is not the native language, making it the most used language in the EU, according a report by the European Commission in 2012.
8. Scotland will she try to stay in the European Union?
Maybe be, but not right away. Unlike the rest of the UK, the Scots voted 62% in favor of keeping the European Union, albeit with a relatively low turnout. First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon, leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) has warned that the region could see “his future within the European Union” .
While the Scots were rejected in a referendum in 2014 to secede from the United Kingdom, the SNP felt, before the vote on the Brexit, a new consultation on independence could be organized “where a significant change from the circumstances of 2014, such as Scotland pulled out of the European Union against his will “. Nicola Sturgeon, however, remains cautious and is not committed to the rapid holding of a new referendum, it is not sure to win
Read also:. In Scotland the Prime Minister said that the option of a second independence referendum “on the table”
9. What happens to programs funded by the EU in the UK, they will cease grants
The Kingdom? -um has several billion for programs funded by the European Union for its members. If London is leaving the EU, such aid could disappear. Much of the debate during the election campaign was whether the country will be financially beneficial or not. On one side, supporters of Brexit advancing the weight of the British contribution to the EU, which amounts to 250 million pounds ($ 325 million) per week; on the other, the pro-EU recalled the risks to reintroduce customs barriers and lose guaranteed subsidies by the EU.
10 What free trade agreement the United Kingdom can he negotiate?
London will necessarily have to renegotiate economic trade agreements with Brussels. It will rely on different precedents:
OPTION NORWEGIAN
Norway is part of the European economic Area (EEA), which has full access to the single market. Instead, it must obey most of the rules of the European Union, including the free movement of goods and people. It also contributes to the EU budget. She does not enjoy the 50 different free trade agreements with the EU, but as a member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), like all EEA countries, it can negotiate its own trade agreements.
OPTION SWITZERLAND
Switzerland is part of EFTA, but unlike Norway, has negotiated bilateral agreements with the EU. It contributes to the EU budget and also obeys the free movement of goods and people. Some of its industries, including the banking industry, have restricted access to the European Union. However, it is free to negotiate bilateral agreements with third countries.
CANADIAN OPTION
comprehensive economic and trade Agreement (CETA) involves the removal of tariffs on many products the import and export between Canada and the European Union. Negotiations lasted more than seven years and the agreement is not yet ratified. If London chooses this option, it probably will not be in a strong position: only 6% of EU goods are exported to the United Kingdom. Moreover, CETA does not guarantee the lifting of tariffs on services.
OPTION OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)
If no deal is reached, or waiting for it to be, the UK will have to resort to WTO basic rules, including customs barriers but also customs valuation of goods or checking the origin of products.
Regardless of the option chosen, it is likely that different EU countries took the opportunity to weaken, to their advantage, one of the economic areas in which the UK is renowned. For example, the EU could propose a free trade agreement which concerns only manufactured goods, forcing the City to lose influence and market share in the financial and banking sectors.
11. The situation does change for migrants in Calais?
The Minister economy, Emmanuel Macron, warned that if Brexit, “France no longer retain the Calais migrants’ . Concluded in 2003, Le Touquet agreements aimed at strengthening border controls between France and the United Kingdom, and – at the time – to end the reception center at Sangatte, generalizing the checks by police English on french soil. In fact, thousands of migrants are stranded in the “jungle” of Calais, pending a hypothetical crossing to Britain
Read also:. How does migration policy between UK and France?
The agreement Touquet is a bilateral agreement, which has no connection with the European Union, but may be terminated. Bernard Cazeneuve, the French Minister of the Interior, however, resumed Mr. Macron, explaining that there was no valid reason to cancel these agreements.
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